基层医生的儿童功能性便秘诊疗能力研究

背景 功能性便秘（FC）是儿童常见健康问题，也是儿童父母在基层医疗卫生机构门诊就诊中咨询频率较高的问题。尽管便秘不是急症，但如果处理不当，可能会引起严重的并发症，进而影响儿童及其家庭的生活质量。 目的 了解基层医生的儿童FC诊疗水平，为针对性提高基层医生的儿童FC诊疗与管理能力提供依据。 方法 于2020年7月，在北京市西城区基层医疗卫生机构中选取在日常诊疗中能接触到儿童患者的医生130例。采用本研究组自行设计的问卷对纳入医生开展调查，内容包括对≥6个月儿童FC诊断中常见症状的认知，以及对儿童FC的推荐治疗方法、推荐治疗药物、药物治疗时机及治疗持续时间等。 结果 108例（83.1%）基层医生的问卷被有效回收，其中全科医生34例（31.5%）、儿科医生30例（27.8%）、中医科医生30例（27.8%），平均每月门诊接触儿童患者（10.1±4.4）例。对于儿童FC的诊断：当≥6个月患儿出现排便次数少、大便坚硬、排便时出血、大便失禁、排便困难、排出稠便前哭泣症状时，分别有40.7%（44/108）、39.8%（43/108）、23.1%（25/108）、9.3%（14/108）、39.8%（43/108）、23.1%（25/108）的基层医生会考虑将其诊断为FC；51.9%（56/108）的基层医生认为同时存在排便次数少、排便困难两种症状时可诊断为FC；25.0%（27/108）的基层医生认为，同时存在排便次数少、大便坚硬、排便时出血、排便困难4种症状时可诊断为FC。对于儿童FC的治疗：37.0%（40/108）的基层医生推荐将药物治疗作为儿童FC的首选治疗方法；63.0%（68/108）的基层医生推荐将非药物治疗作为首选治疗方法，其中88.2%（60/68）推荐腹部按摩，85.3%（58/68）推荐高纤维饮食，82.4%（56/68）推荐如厕训练，72.1%（49/68）推荐增加液体摄入量。75.9%（82/108）的基层医生推荐使用乳果糖治疗；27.8%（30/108）的基层医生推荐联合应用柠檬酸钠、十二烷基磺基乙酸钠、山梨糖醇的微灌肠为直肠治疗方法，64.8%（70/108）的基层医师建议在患儿排便特别困难时进行直肠给药。基层医生认为，患儿开始治疗到有阳性反应的平均时间为（4.1±2.6）d；基层医生对儿童FC的平均治疗时间为（21.2±4.3）d；88.9%（96/108）的基层医生认为，便秘平均平均治疗（46.0±9.3）d可终止；当排便频率和/或稠度恢复正常/患者不再有不适时，88.9%（96/108）的基层医生会考虑停止治疗。 结论 尽管基层医生对儿童FC的诊断和治疗有一定认识，但总体认知水平有待提高。建议进一步提升现有基层医生对儿童FC的认知和综合管理能力，并制定基层医疗卫生机构的儿童FC综合管理模式，以提高对儿童FC的管理水平，从而降低患病率、提升治愈率。     

Optimisation of imaging parameters during CT guided interventional procedures in patients with total hip arthroplasty

ObjectiveTo determine the optimal KV and mAs settings during CT guided injections in the presence of a total hip arthroplasty so that image quality is maintained whist keeping the dose as low as reasonably achievable.MethodsA total hip arthroplasty phantom with needles with differing gauges was scanned using different CT parameters (from low dose to high dose) and evaluating if this had any effect on needle conspicuity. Conspicuity was graded from 1 to 3 by 2 independent blinded reviewers.ResultsIrrespective of the CT settings used (high dose or low dose parameters) needle conspicuity was not adversely affected by the THA for either scorer, therefore a kVp of 100 mA and a. In addition the needle gauge did not affect the conspicuity of the needle.ConclusionCT guided injections in this total hip arthroplasty phantom model can be performed without any adverse effect on the conspicuity of the needle tip on low dose CT settings.Advancement in knowledgeThis paper enables one to optimise the kV and mA while performing interventional procedures.     

基于移动医疗的妊娠期盆底肌训练对产后尿失禁发生的影响：一项基于随机对照试验设计的探索性研究

背景 孕产妇尿失禁（UI）发病率高，严重影响了女性生活质量。研究表明，盆底肌训练是UI有效的防治手段，本研究前期进行了一项随机对照试验（RCT），结果发现相比于常规宣教，基于移动医疗APP的盆底肌训练并未显现出预防优势，其原因需要进一步深入探讨。 目的 本研究拟对一项基于APP的妊娠期盆底肌训练的干预研究的阴性结果进行探索性分析，旨在探讨产后UI预防效果的影响因素以及获益的亚组人群。 方法 本研究数据来源于前期开展的一项RCT，采用方便抽样法，于2020年6—10月在南方医科大学深圳医院产科门诊招募了126例研究对象，采用随机数字表法分为干预组与对照组，每组各63例。对照组采用常规护理，干预组在此基础上使用"有爱屋"APP进行尿失禁自我管理，干预周期为2个月。产后42 d随访时收集两组产后相关资料，包括产后42 d UI发生情况。以产后是否发生UI为结局指标，将研究对象分为病例组和对照组，采用Logistic回归分析探讨混杂因素及其与干预方式之间的交互作用对产后UI发生的影响。针对Logistic回归分析的结果进行分层分析，探讨是否存在能从APP干预中获益的亚组人群。 结果 病例组和对照组阴道分娩史、入组时存在UI、Broome盆底肌自我效能量表（BPMSES）得分比较，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。Logistic回归分析结果显示，入组时存在UI是产后发生UI的危险因素〔OR=15.897，95%CI（4.724，53.495），P<0.001〕；BPMSES得分与干预方式的交互作用可影响产后UI的发生〔OR=1.034，95%CI（1.017，1.051），P<0.001〕。分层分析结果显示，入组时存在UI症状的孕妇，干预组产后UI发生率低于对照组（χ2=4.18，P=0.041）；入组时不存在UI症状的孕妇，两组产后UI发生率比较，差异无统计学意义（χ2=1.89，P=0.284）。 结论 推荐有UI症状的孕妇使用"有爱屋"APP或许可预防产后UI的发生。而对于妊娠期没有UI症状的人群使用"有爱屋"APP预防产后UI发生的证据尚不充分。另外，不管有无UI症状，盆底肌训练自我效能高的孕妇有望从APP干预中获益。     

Nurses’ behavioral intention in using virtual clinical simulation training: By structural equation modeling

AimTo examine the relationship between the nurses’ behavioral intention to use virtual clinical simulation training and study variables, including perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, self-efficacy, technology anxiety, perceived enjoyment and personal innovativeness.BackgroundLittle is known about the nurses’ behavioral intentions behind using virtual clinical simulation training.DesignA cross-sectional study.MethodsA total of 206 registered nurses participated in this survey. Data were collected through online survey from March 20, 2021, to April 2, 2021, since entry into the hospital was strictly controlled due to the COVID-19 outbreak.ResultsStructural equation modeling identified that both perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use were the predictors which influenced behavioral intention. Additionally, perceived enjoyment indirectly affected behavioral intention by influencing both perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use.ConclusionThe successful introduction of virtual clinical simulation training depends on nurses’ willingness and acceptance of its use. The findings of this study show that virtual clinical simulation training should be perceived as useful, easy to use and enjoyable to be accepted by nurses. Virtual clinical simulation programs may have the potential to help improve nurses’ clinical skills and competencies in patient care.Tweetable abstractThis study revealed that the usefulness of its contents, ease of use and enjoyment are important to increase nurses' behavioral intention to use virtual clinical simulation training.     

Endurance training may improve exercise capacity,lung function and quality of life in Fontan patients

Children born with univentricular hearts undergo staged surgical procedures to a Fontan circulation. Long-term experience with Fontan palliation has shown dramatically improved survival but also of a life-long burden of an abnormal circulation with significant morbidity. Many Fontan patients have reduced exercise capacity, oxygen uptake, lung function and quality of life. Endurance training may improve submaximal, but not maximal, exercise capacity, lung function and quality of life. Physical activity and endurance training is also positively correlated with sleep quality. Reviewing the literature and from our single-centre experience, we believe there is enough evidence to support structured individualised endurance training in most young Fontan patients.     

Demise of the stethoscope

Medical practice has undergone a massive drift over the past several years. With the advent of modernization and technical advancements in both diagnostic and therapeutic fields, bedside clinical skills have suffered a setback. Increasing patient load in the hospitals, administrative commitments of the physicians, and need to get superspecialty fellowships are some of the factors which preclude resident teaching, which, in-turn hamper their long-term clinical skills and influence the patient–doctor relationship. In this perspective, I narrate my own experience regarding changing attitude of the younger generation of doctors toward patient care and also describe the role of a mentor in shaping the believes and practices of his medical students. Using real-world examples, I further discuss the obstacles which hamper good medical practice and suggest possible ways to overcome some of them.     

综合视觉训练治疗弱视患者的依从性和疗效及相关性

目的：分析综合视觉训练治疗弱视患者的依从性及疗效。

方法：前瞻性研究。选取我院2018-07/2019-08诊治的弱视患者200例294眼，按数字表法随机分为对照组98例140眼予以传统综合视觉训练，试验组102例154眼予以智能化多维综合视觉训练，观察两组患者疗效和患者依从性及相关性。

结果：试验组患者总有效率和高依从性(93.5%、45.1%)均高于对照组(80.0%、35.7%)(均P<0.05)。不同年龄、弱视类型、弱视程度、注视性质以及依从性患者疗效比较均有差异(均P<0.001)。患者年龄、弱视程度与疗效呈负相关(r=-0.342、-0.459，均P<0.001)； 依从性与疗效呈正相关(r=0.378，P<0.001)。 3～6岁患者依从性更好，其次为7～10岁患者(P<0.05)； 患者年龄与治疗依从性呈负相关(r=-0.398，P<0.001)。

结论：智能化多维综合视觉训练能够提高弱视患者依从性，获得更好疗效。弱视患者疗效与患者年龄、弱视类型、弱视程度、注视性质及依从性密切相关，依从性又与年龄相关，临床应针对这些特征，尽早予以治疗。